The New Testament's stance on divorce is not a simple, easily summarized statement. Unlike the Old Testament, which allowed for divorce under certain circumstances, the New Testament presents a more nuanced and debated perspective, leading to varying interpretations among different Christian denominations. Understanding this requires examining key passages and considering the historical and cultural context.
What does Jesus say about divorce in the Gospels?
Jesus's teachings on divorce are found primarily in Matthew 19:3-9 and Mark 10:2-12. He quotes Genesis 2:24, stating, "Therefore a man shall leave his father and mother and hold fast to his wife, and the two shall become one flesh." This emphasizes the original intent of marriage as a sacred union, intended to be indissoluble. However, the Pharisees questioned him about the Mosaic law allowing divorce. Jesus responded by asserting that Moses permitted divorce because of the hardness of people's hearts, but "from the beginning it was not so." This suggests God's ideal is a lifelong commitment, contrasting with the prevalent practice of divorce in that time. The allowance for divorce in the Old Testament is presented by Jesus as a concession to human frailty, not a divine endorsement.
What is the exception Jesus mentions?
Jesus then clarifies his position, stating that the only legitimate grounds for divorce are marital unfaithfulness (porneia). The exact meaning of "porneia" is debated, with some interpreting it as sexual immorality encompassing adultery and other sexual sins, while others restrict it solely to adultery. Regardless of the precise interpretation, Jesus introduces a significant exception to the ideal of indissoluble marriage. This exception, however, doesn't grant free reign for divorce; it limits justifiable grounds to a severe breach of marital fidelity.
What does Paul say about divorce in 1 Corinthians 7?
Paul addresses marriage and divorce in 1 Corinthians 7, offering practical advice rather than a definitive legal pronouncement. He acknowledges the complexities of marriage in a world marked by hardship and persecution. He encourages couples to remain together if possible, but he also allows for separation in situations where an unbelieving spouse chooses to depart. This isn't necessarily a sanctioning of divorce but a recognition of the reality of difficult circumstances and the need for self-preservation. It emphasizes a believer’s autonomy in such situations, but doesn't explicitly endorse initiating divorce.
Does the New Testament forbid remarriage after divorce?
This is another point of significant debate. While Jesus emphasizes the ideal of lifelong monogamy, his teachings don't explicitly address the issue of remarriage after divorce, particularly in cases where divorce was initiated due to "porneia." Some interpretations allow for remarriage in such situations, while others maintain that the original marriage bond remains valid, even after separation. This understanding often shapes views on remarriage within specific denominations.
What about situations of abuse or abandonment?
Many modern interpretations grapple with how the New Testament’s teachings apply to situations not explicitly covered, such as domestic abuse, abandonment, or irreconcilable differences. These situations present ethical dilemmas and require careful consideration of the broader principles of love, protection, and the well-being of all involved. While the scriptures don't directly address these modern complexities, the overarching emphasis on love and the dignity of the individual informs ethical reflections on these issues.
Conclusion
The New Testament's approach to divorce is complex and multifaceted. Jesus's teachings emphasize the ideal of an indissoluble marriage, yet acknowledge the human reality through the exception of marital unfaithfulness. Paul's counsel in 1 Corinthians offers practical guidance on navigating difficult marital situations. Ultimately, interpreting these passages necessitates careful exegesis, cultural understanding, and a commitment to applying the core principles of love and compassion in individual circumstances. This is a topic that continues to generate discussion and diverse interpretations within Christianity.
